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Employment Pathways Programs

We help youth with disabilities connect with early work opportunities

Presenter stands near screen with slide titled "Growth mindset", 3 youth sit at a table

Who we serve


Holland Bloorview’s Employment Pathways programs are designed for youth with disabilities who need accessible, inclusive opportunities and support to start to build experiences. 

You must be a current high school student with at least one more full year of high school eligibility at the time you start our pathway. 

You must be able to participate in employment experiences in the Toronto area.

If you don’t live in Toronto you may find our “resources” section helpful.

What we do


Our employment pathway begins with supported early work experience at Holland Bloorview. In our VolunteerABLE or Youth@Work programs, you try a variety of types of tasks and earn volunteer hours. A job coach supports you to learn your roles and reach your goals. You meet other participants for workplace life skills workshops. 

Employment Action Coaching: Learn about how to job search, make an action plan, and work with an advisor towards your goal of finding a volunteer, co-op or paid position. This program includes a family member or support person.

Ready to Work: Holland Bloorview job coaches help you connect with a Toronto employer and get you started in your paid summer job. This program is for youth who want a summer job and have completed the earlier steps of our employment pathway. Youth must be invited to apply, interview and demonstrate commitment to job search activities and be available for summer work.)

If you think our programs will help you meet your current goals, you can meet with an employment pathways team member to start your journey. Contact us 

Project SEARCH Toronto is a school to work training program based at Holland Bloorview and University Health Network (UHN) operated in collaboration with the Toronto District School Board and Community Living Toronto.

Why it matters

Experiences help you learn what you like and what you are good at. You also build skills and confidence. All of this helps you plan your education and career.

Work-related experiences during high school make it more likely you will have a job as an adult. Work is linked to social inclusion, income and overall health and wellbeing. 

People with disabilities often face barriers getting early work experiences. Your family’s high expectations and active support from an organization like Holland Bloorview can help you get started.

Our impact

We regularly survey our program participants and families. In 2024, 100% of participants strongly agreed and agreed:

  • “Participating in a practical work experience helped me on my journey to be better prepared for the workforce”.

  • “As I continue on my journey towards the workforce, I feel better prepared after participating in this program.”

  • “My experience in this program was valuable - it helped me meet my goals regarding volunteering or employment.”

Who we are

Our team is led by occupational therapists who have experience in education and employment inclusion. Our youth facilitator and family support specialist shares lived experience of participating in school and work. We often refer to ourselves as “job coaches” and our team includes summer/seasonal staff who also do job coaching.

 

Program staff

Note - most of our staff work part-time

Kari Renahan

Kari Renahan, Clinical team lead & cccupational therapist

  • First point of contact for youth interested in our programs
  • Youth@Work & VolunteerABLE programs
Laura Howson-Strong

Laura Howson Strong, Clinical team lead & occupational therapist

  • Employment Action Coaching & Ready to Work programs
Mathias Castaldo

Mathias Castaldo, Youth facilitator & family support specialist

  • Youth workshops
  • Family virtual sessions
  • Education & employer inclusion presentations
Julia Corsini

Julia Corsini, Occupational therapist

Holland Bloorview logo

Danielle D’Alessandro, Occupational therapist

Holland Bloorview logo

Jill Gilders, Occupational therapy assistant

Armaan Badhan

Armaan Badhan, Job coach (client services assistant) (seasonal)

Shaelynn Hsu

Shaelynn Hsu, Job coach (client services assistant) (seasonal)

Prajeeth Sachchithananthan

Prajeeth Sachchithananthan, Job coach (client services assistant) (seasonal)

 

Leadership, community engagement, advocacy, research, evaluation & knowledge mobilization staff

Carolyn McDougall

Carolyn McDougall

  • Manager, Employment Pathways
  • Education/Employment Inclusion Initiatives
  • Ontario/Canada Coordinator, Project SEARCH
  • Business Liaison for Project SEARCH Toronto at Holland Bloorview (co-site host)
Laura Bowman

Laura Bowman, Project manager, research, evaluation & knowledge mobilization

Anna Oh

Anna Oh, Research & project coordinator

Holland Bloorview logo

Joanne Close, Project manager, education & employment inclusion (occasional/contract)

Quotes & stories


Past participants tell us how employment pathways programs helped them
  • “There’s much more certainty in terms of what I'm doing. I was thinking of just going to school, post-secondary. This experience gives me a sense of what kind of work I want. I found even more purpose for going to school. I have way more motivation now than before to enhance my skills set. (Youth)

  • “We never could have imagined it. He really enjoys having a job… It helps us to broaden our vision of what we can do and how many choices we have in the future.  In the past, I was struggling with whether or not he could find a "real" job. Until  we did these programs and I followed the programs step-by-step, we were so concerned that he would never find a job...” (Parent)

  • “The fact that I have experience and actually earned money with my own hard work filled me with confidence that I can do it later on. This job is a benchmark for the type of jobs that I want later in life and what type of jobs that I don't want to do.” (Youth)
Watch videos

SamWatch videos with Sam and other past participants of employment pathways programs.

 

 

 

Read how Bav prepared for his summer job

Bav talks about Holland Bloorview's Ready to Work program and how it helped him get ready for a summer job with Fidelity.

Read Nat's description of Youth@Work

Nat describes the Youth@Work program.

Read what Nick learned in Project SEARCH Toronto

Nick talks about what he learned at Project SEARCH Toronto and how Project SEARCH and other Holland Bloorview life skills programs helped him move from school to work.

Read how VolunteerABLE and Employment Action Coaching helped Charlie move on to a summer job

Charlie's story describes how Holland Bloorview's VolunteerABLE and Employment Action Coaching programs helped Charlie and his family. The story includes some job coaching and accommodation examples from Charlie's job with Aqua-Tots Swim Schools.

Read about Isaiah & Annie's summer jobs

Isaiah describes what he learned while doing a summer job with BASF. Annie talks about how her summer job at Lane Four Consulting helped her build skills. Read about Isaiah & Annie.

Read about Jordan's work experience at Joe Fresh

Jordan and his manager talk about his work experience at Joe Fresh.

Resources


Holland Bloorview resources for youth & families

While you are waiting tip sheet

Read our “While you are waiting” [for Employment Pathways services] tip sheet.

Chores tip sheet

Chores help youth learn responsibility and important life skills. Learn more with our tip sheet: How chores can help you get a job.

Choosing a career tip sheet

Read our tip sheet: Choosing a career that’s right for you.

Video or visual resume tip sheet

Learn how a video or visual resume helps some youth with disabilities in job search “Video and visual resume tipsheet”

LinkedIn for young workers tip sheet

Learn how to use LinkedIn to help you in your job search.

Link to Holland Bloorview's personalized Transition Planning Tool

Holland Bloorview’s Personalized Transition Planning Tool can help you plan and organize your transition to adulthood.

Ready to connect an employment agency to help you search for a paid job?

You can find information about Toronto-based employment agencies here.

If you live in another region, look for agencies funded by Employment Ontario or Service Canada. 

There are several job-matching platforms that help job seekers with disabilities match with employers who are hiring inclusively:

Thinking about college or university?

Join us for our “Headed to college or university” virtual workshop series to help you plan for your post-secondary education & career.  You can find workshop dates here.

Designed for youth:

  • In high-school (grades 10, 11, 12 or 12+) and working towards your Ontario Secondary School Diploma (OSSD)
  • Living with a disability and/or an autism spectrum disorder
  • Living in Ontario (you don’t need to be a current client of Holland Bloorview)

Parents/guardians are welcome to participate.

Click here to access past recordings

Moving directly from school to work?

Join our “Life after high school” webinar to learn about a variety of education and work training options that can help you start your career. Find session dates here.

Designed for families and youth/young adults between the ages of 16-26 who are on diverse high school pathways including: students taking non-credit courses, on a certificate stream or in a special education program.

Click here to access the past recording

Click here to access the related resource sheet 

Want information about other steps in preparing for your life as an adult?

Holland Bloorview offers regular transition pop-up events and more to help you get started. Learn more about our Transitions, Life Skills & Recreation services.

Other organizations & resources for youth & families

Learn more about building skills, preparing for and finding employment
  • Explore Canada’s Skills for Success. Resources and videos explain skills you’ll need for learning, working and being active in your community.
  • Connectability.ca  ConnectABILITY.ca  is an accessible, self-directed website of information and tools dedicated to lifelong learning and support for people who have an intellectual disability, their families and support networks.
  • Disability Foundation YLI Employment Toolkit Provides tips and guidance for those with disabilities with common employment challenges such as building self-confidence, coping with stress, etc.
  • Alberta’s Alis website Gives information on different types of jobs with their descriptions, requirements, pay. It also has suggestions for exploring post-secondary education and training.
  • Family Support Network for Employment is a family-led support for families who have youth with intellectual disabilities to find resources and supports for employment.
  • The Ontario Disability Employment Network (ODEN) has developed resources for families and educators to provide practical suggestions about expecting and preparing for employment, across all ages from kindergarten to grade 12.
  • The early years: Career development for young children – is a free book that provides parents with ways to support their children aged 3 to 8 years old in career development through activities and play. Download free book from CERIC
  • The decade after high school: A parent’s guide Download free book from CERIC is a free book that helps parents with assisting their young people in the navigation of the transition to further education or joining the workforce through roles, activities, and resources. 

Resources for employers

About 25% of Canadians have a visible or invisible disability. Businesses benefit when people with disabilities are part of the diverse and inclusive workforce.

Two adults standing beside a computerPartner with Holland Bloorview’s Ready to Work program to promote youth employment inclusion. We connect you with qualified, enthusiastic youth for summer positions and support you from recruitment through orientation and start-up to a rewarding experience for your whole team. Contact us 

Resources for educators

Promote accessibility & inclusion. Visit our School Inclusion Hub and access our free educator learning e-modules here.

Research, knowledge mobilization & advocacy activities for youth employment inclusion


Employment is a big topic that is impacted by community, policy, and culture. Our team works to keep youth, families, employers, and community partners up-to-date on important information on our programs and research, and the field of youth employment inclusion more generally.

Our program’s aim is that every youth with a disability in Ontario has access to effective, appropriate school-to-work transition pathways so that adults with disabilities who are able to work can be active participants in Ontario’s labour force.

Advocacy & action

Holland Bloorview Youth Employment Pathways: Implementation guides for service providers

2 people in a meetingHolland Bloorview’s evidence-based Employment Pathways were developed to help youth with disabilities to gain experiences with work. Our implementation guides help service providers offer employment experience programming to youth in their own communities.

 

 

Employment Pathways Implementation Guides: 

  1. Introduction and program background guide  - COMING SOON
  2. Staff training and coaching guide - COMING SOON
  3. Self-discovery phase guide  - COMING SOON
  4. Employment action coaching guide  - COMING SOON
  5. Intensive supportive work experience programs guide  - COMING SOON
  6. Funding and administration guide - COMING SOON
  7. Work life skills guide - COMING SOON

Project Support: Funded and operated under funding from Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation including the Azrieli Foundation.

Contact: Laura Bowman lbowman@hollandbloorview.ca 

Funding employment inclusion for Ontario youth with disabilities

Two workers talking in shared workspaceAccess free tools to help you, your family, your community, and your organization to raise awareness and advocate for funding for youth employment programs. Our resources include downloadable information, presentations, advocacy letters, and background materials. 

Contact: Carolyn McDougall cmcdougall@hollandbloorview.ca

 

Cost-benefit analysis: Funding youth employment programming

Early engagement in employment-related activities is associated with greater lifetime labor force attachment, which correlates with positive health, social, and quality of life outcomes. People with disabilities often require vocational intervention to enter and remain in the workforce and reap the employment-related health and social benefits. Their labor force attachment brings about the added societal-level benefits of increased tax contributions and reduced social assistance funding.  

Based on available evidence and best practices, and in conjunction with expert input, a cost–benefit model was constructed to provide support for public investment in early employment intervention by demonstrating the societal-level benefits that could be projected. Results indicate the potential benefits for investment in early, targeted employment intervention at a societal level. Two personas were crafted to demonstrate the lifetime societal-level impact of investment in intervention for an individual with disabilities. The results provide relevant arguments for advocates, policy makers, program directors, and people entering adulthood with disabilities to understand the benefits of investing in interventions with the goal of long-term public savings.

We propose that the projected savings to government over the lifetime of the individuals should be proactively (upstream) invested into funding the start-early programming for youth with disabilities as modeled in the papers. 

You can access our publication in Frontiers in Sociology here and our updated report following Ontario’s Integrated Employment Services transformation. 

Partners: Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Ontario Disability Employment Network (ODEN), Chronicle Analytics

Funder: Government of Ontario and Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation

Contact: Laura Bowman lbowman@hollandbloorview.ca 

Current research, evaluation & knowledge translation projects

Holland Bloorview’s Employment Pathways as a learning health system (LHS): A demonstration project

Employment participation is a social determinant of health, contributing to social, mental, and physical wellbeing of individuals and communities. Early employment experiences like volunteering, co-operative education, and paid work during high school can help to predict post-school employment success for youth with disabilities. For example, employment during high school is associated with higher rates of employment in adulthood, increased wages later in life, increased desirability as a job candidate later on, and better general health. 

Yet, employment remains just one social determinant of health. We know that, from an intersectional approach, there are many individual, cultural, environmental, and societal factors that contribute to one’s access programs and best practice opportunities. To better understand who the Employment Pathways programs are (and are not) reaching, we undertook a health equity-based sociodemographic project. Our goal was to identify the groups we were reaching, consider them in the broader context of our organizational and local communities, and ultimately reach broader population groups in ways that are practically and culturally meaningful. We did this from an LHS perspective, which creates “an environment of continuous improvement and innovation, where internal data, research and experiential knowledge are used collaboratively across clinicians, researchers, operations, children, youth and families to inform the best possible care and outcomes. In a learning health system, trying new ideas, embracing failure and success, is encouraged and incentivized” (Holland Bloorview, n.d.).

This is part of a larger initiative in which Holland Bloorview, along with other Toronto Academic Health Sciences Network (TAHSN) hospitals, are collecting client and family demographic information “to ensure that every client has access to the highest quality of health care that we can provide”. They share with clients and families that “[t]he information you provide will: 1) tell us who we serve, 2) help us plan for services that will be the most helpful for your child, and 3) help us improve quality of care for all”. The survey includes data related to language; racial group; immigration; disability status and supports; sex, gender, and sexuality; and finances and income.

Project manager & contact: Laura Bowman lbowman@hollandbloorview.ca 

Primary contributors: Carolyn McDougall, Anna Oh, Samuel Cheng, Sri Vijay Bharat Peddi, Stephanie McFarland 

Check back soon for results summaries

A case study of the implementation of Project SEARCH Toronto

Canadians with disabilities have the highest unemployment rates in Canada, despite capacity and desire to contribute to the labour force. The rate is even higher for young individuals with disabilities. This is a particular issue due to the evidence supporting that early work experiences is correlated to lifetime labour force attachment. Transition to work programs for youth with disabilities are gaining momentum and building evidence-based support for improving labour force attachment for participating youth with disabilities. One such program model with strong evidence-based support and supporting research is Project SEARCH. Project SEARCH has demonstrated great success with connecting youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to competitive and immersive employment following program completion. What is not known about Project SEARCH and similar program models is how the program elements work together to make a Project SEARCH site work well. To gain insight into the workings of a “successful” Project SEARCH site, we will undertake a descriptive case study of the Project SEARCH Toronto program. Through this study, we will explore: (1) how the people involved in the programs engage in the various program elements; and (2) how the identified elements are perceived as impactful by those people. The research questions and interpretation will be guided by an implementation science framework: the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Study findings will impact how Project SEARCH Toronto services are delivered, our understanding of job skills training interventions, and the experiences that relate to workforce development program successes.

Primary Investigators: Laura Bowman lbowman@hollandbloorview.ca, Dolly Menna-Dack

Partner Agencies: University Health Network, Toronto District School Board

Check back soon for results summaries

Presentations, publications & resources


Presentation videos

Starting Early: Preparing systems, employers, families, & youth”. September 27, 2024. hosted by VRAIE-IDEA

Book launch: Intellectual Disabilities and Autism: Ethics and Practice” March 19, 2025. Hosted by University of Toronto Joint Centre for Bioethics

Publications

Bowman, L.R., McDougall, C., D’Alessandro, D., Campbell, J., & Curran, C.J. (2023). The creation and implementation of an employment participation pathway for youth with disabilities. Disability and Rehabilitation, 45(24), 4156-4164. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2022.2140846  

Bowman, L.R., Oh, A., Xu, Y., Ellis, S., Archer, J., McDougall, C., Niles-Campbell, N., Renahan, K., & Curran, C.J. (2024). Putting Youth in Charge: A multi-year interagency community engagement program for youth with disabilities and their families. Developmental Neurorehabilitation. Online. https://doi.org/10.1080/17518423.2024.2331440 

Bowman, L.R., McDougall, C., Doucet, R., Pooran, B., Xu, Y. & Campbell, J. (2024). Funding Employment Inclusion for Ontario Youth with Disabilities: A Theoretical Cost-Benefit Model. Frontiers in Sociology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2024.1281088 

Bowman, L.R., McDougall, C., & Menna-Dack, D. (2024). A justice perspective on an ecologically-based employment pathways for youth individuals with disabilities. In J. Vogt and A. Bianchi (Eds.), Intellectual disabilities and autism: Ethics and practice. Springer.

Bowman, L.R., McDougall, C., Doucet, R., Pooran, B., Xu, Y. & Campbell, J. (2024). Funding Employment Inclusion for Ontario Youth with Disabilities: A Cost-Benefit Model UPDATE REPORT. Self-published, available from: https://hollandbloorview.ca/sites/default/files/2024-09/Funding-Employment-Inclusion-2024_0.pdf 

Key references & resources
  • See more information on Holland Bloorview’s advocacy website: Disability in the Workplace
  • Key reference, Project SEARCH: Wehman, P., Schall, C., McDonough, J., Sima, A., Brooke, A., Ham, W., ... & Riehle, E. (2020). Competitive employment for transition-aged youth with significant impact from autism: A multi-site randomized clinical trial. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 50(6), 1882-1897. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03940-2
  • Key reference, transitions out of high school: Kohler, P. D., Gothberg, J. E., Fowler, C., and Coyle, J. (2016). Taxonomy for transition programming 2.0: A model for planning, organizing, and evaluating transition education, services, and programs. Western Michigan University. Available at www.transitionta.org

Funding


Funding
Stamp with infinity symbol "generously supported by donors and the Holland Bloorview Foundation"

Funding for the programs included in Holland Bloorview’s Employment Pathways are provided by donors to Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital Foundation including the RBC Foundation in support of RBC Future Launch (2021-2026), the Azrieli Foundation (2022-2027) and the Peter Gilgan Foundation (2016-2023). Our research, knowledge mobilization & advocacy activities are supported by the Azrieli Foundation (2022-2027) except where other funders are specifically acknowledged in project summaries.

Contact Us
Kari Renahan or Carolyn McDougall
416-425-6220
Ext.
3328